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Case 100. Panel: Bacteria seen in cerebrospinal fluid
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| S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes |
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Key words : Gram stain, cerebrospinal fluid
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| Panel 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae (Gram). Gram-positive diplococci are located outside neutrophils. Penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae makes a clinical problem. |
Panel 2 Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) (Gram). Gram-positive cocci are phagocytized by neutrophils, and cause neonatal meningitis. S. agalactiae is a normal flora of the vagina. |
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| Panel 3 Neisseria meningitidis (Gram). Gram-negative diplococci are phagocytized by neutrophils. Fulminant meningitis is common in the African meningitis belt along the equator. |
Panel 4 Haemophilus influenzae (Gram). Gram-negative short rods are seen mainly outside neutrophils. Anti-capsule vaccine is effective, but is not yet introduced for the prophylaxis in Japan. |
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| Panel 5 Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram). Gram-negative large rods are associated with thick capsule formation, and occasionally cause meningitis in the aged. |
Panel 6 Listeria monocytogenes (Gram). Gram-positive rods are phagocytized by neutrophils, and tend to cause transplacental infection to the neonate. |
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